![]() ![]() Based on these results, we named these neurons bilateral and bifurcated cells.Īnatomical and electrophysiological study bilateral and bifurcated cells collision test retrograde tracers spinal projecting cells.Ĭopyright © 2017 IBRO. These results show spinal cord neurons with bifurcated bilateral projections to both the DC-ML and AL systems. The spinal dorsal horn neurons exhibited antidromic and collision activities in response to both GRA and VPL electrical activation. These double-stained neurons were located on both sides of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. ![]() Two kinds of activity were elicited by electric shocks. SummaryMicroelectrode recordings were made from dorsal column fibres at the 12th thoracic segment in cats. Importantly, a subset of spinal dorsal horn neurons exhibited double staining, indicating that these neurons projected to both the GRA and the VPL. Microelectrode recordings were made from dorsal column fibres at the 12th thoracic segment in cats, finding the fastest fibres of the alpha range contributed to their activation and it is likely that C fibres contributed as well. ![]() Additionally, an electrophysiological study was performed by applying electrical stimulation at the GRA or VPL and recording antidromic evoked activity in single unit spinal cord cells. To analyze the ascending projections of L1-L5 spinal dorsal horn neurons in the rat, two retrograde neuronal tracers were injected into the GRA and the VPL. These two systems have been the subject of multiple studies that established their independence and interactions. From the classical point of view, the DC-ML has an ipsilateral ascending pathway to the Gracilis (GRA) or Cuneate (CUN) nuclei and the AL has a contralateral ascending pathway to the ventral posterolateral (VPL) thalamic nucleus. This measure approximates the onset of SCS-induced sensations in humans and provides effective analgesia when used with ECAP-controlled closed. The Zic family member 2 (Zic2)-labeled postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) pathway (SAP1) is sensitive to light touch stimuli, but its role in affective valence is unclear. The evoked compound action potential (ECAP) represents a measure of dorsal column fiber activation. Ascending pathways are numbered for clarity (e.g., spinal ascending pathway 1, SAP1). This information reaches the spinal cord and is relayed to supra-spinal structures through two main systems: the postsynaptic dorsal column-medial lemniscal (DC-ML) and the anterolateral (AL) systems. Background Preclinical models of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are lacking objective measurements to inform translationally applicable SCS parameters. Sensory information stimulates receptors of somatosensory system neurons generating a signal that codifies the characteristics of peripheral stimulation. ![]()
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